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  1. Pathfinding quantum simulations of neutrinoless double-β decay

    Chernyshev, Ivan Alexandrovich ; Farrell, Roland C. ; Illa Subina, Marc ; ... - Nature Communications
    We present results from co-designed quantum simulations of the neutrinoless double-β decay of a simple nucleus in 1+1D quantum chromodynamics using IonQ’s Forte-generation trapped-ion quantum computers. Electrons, neutrinos, and up and down quarks are distributed across two lattice sites and mapped to 32 qubits, with an additional 4 qubits used for flag-based error mitigation. A four-fermion interaction is used to implement weak interactions, and lepton-number violation is induced by a neutrino Majorana mass. Quantum circuits that prepare the initial nucleus and time evolve with the Hamiltonian containing the strong and weak interactions are executed on IonQ Forte Enterprise. Enabled bymore » tuned model parameters, lepton-number violation is observed in real time, providing a clear signal of neutrinoless double-β decay. This was made possible by co-designing the simulation to maximally utilize the all-to-all connectivity and native gate-set available on IonQ’s quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilation techniques and co-designed error-mitigation methods, informed from executing benchmarking circuits with up to 2,356 two-qubit gates, enabled observables to be extracted with high precision. We discuss the potential of future quantum simulations to provide yocto-second resolution of the reaction pathways in these, and other, nuclear processes.« less

  2. Analysis of permeability change in dissolving rough fractures using depth-averaged flow and reactive transport models

    Wang, Lichun ; Cardenas, M. Bayani - International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
    Many geophysical problems and engineering applications involve fluid flow through evolving faults and fractures. These situations are typical in CO2 injection scenarios where supercritical CO2 or CO2–saturated fluids are able to dissolve the solid matrix. Dissolution or precipitation within a fracture could lead to self-reinforcing or self-limiting behavior due to feedbacks from changes in permeability (k). There is limited predictive understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we investigated the case of fracture dissolution using a two-dimensional depth-averaged reactive transport model. The model simulated an acidic fluid dissolving a three-dimensional rough fracture. We observed different dissolution patterns across a wide range ofmore » geometric properties and different Peclet and Damkohler numbers (960 cases total). Despite this variation, a persistent linear increase in k with time (t) roughly manifested once the dissolution front advanced through the fracture. The time rate of change of k (k/t) is roughly constant for all simulations. The modeled rate is consistent with a theoretical value based on the parallel plates model and with experimentally derived values. Finally, the results confirm the common presence of linear time-dependence of fracture k due to self-reinforcement.« less

  3. Noise Characterization and Filtering in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon TPC

    Acciarri, R. ; Adams, C. ; An, R. ; ... - Journal of Instrumentation
    The low-noise operation of readout electronics in a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is critical to properly extract the distribution of ionization charge deposited on the wire planes of the TPC, especially for the induction planes. This paper describes the characteristics and mitigation of the observed noise in the MicroBooNE detector. The MicroBooNE's single-phase LArTPC comprises two induction planes and one collection sense wire plane with a total of 8256 wires. Current induced on each TPC wire is amplified and shaped by custom low-power, low-noise ASICs immersed in the liquid argon. The digitization of the signal waveform occurs outsidemore » the cryostat. Using data from the first year of MicroBooNE operations, several excess noise sources in the TPC were identified and mitigated. The residual equivalent noise charge (ENC) after noise filtering varies with wire length and is found to be below 400 electrons for the longest wires (4.7 m). The response is consistent with the cold electronics design expectations and is found to be stable with time and uniform over the functioning channels. This noise level is significantly lower than previous experiments utilizing warm front-end electronics.« less
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